1. What does HIV stand for? a) Human Immunodeficiency Virus b) Human Infection Virus c) Highly Inhibited Virus d) Human Infectious Vector Correct Answer: a) Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2. HIV primarily attacks which cells in the human body? a) T-cells (CD4 cells) b) Red blood cells c) Platelets d) White blood cells Correct Answer: a) T-cells (CD4 cells)

3. In which bodily fluids is HIV most commonly found? a) Saliva and tears b) Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk c) Urine and sweat d) Nasal secretions and earwax Correct Answer: b) Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk

4. How is HIV primarily transmitted from one person to another? a) Casual contact like shaking hands b) Sharing food or utensils c) Unprotected sexual intercourse d) Breathing the same air Correct Answer: c) Unprotected sexual intercourse

5. What is the most common route of HIV transmission globally? a) Blood transfusions b) Sharing needles for drug use c) Mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding d) Occupational exposure Correct Answer: b) Sharing needles for drug use

6. What is the most effective way to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV during childbirth? a) Exclusive breastfeeding b) Caesarean section (C-section) c) Administering antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and childbirth d) Avoiding prenatal care Correct Answer: c) Administering antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and childbirth

7. What is the term for the advanced stage of HIV infection, defined by a very low CD4 cell count and the presence of opportunistic infections or cancers? a) Primary HIV infection b) AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) c) HIV Progression Syndrome d) CD4 Decline Stage Correct Answer: b) AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

8. What is the term for the first stage of HIV infection, occurring within a few weeks after exposure, when the immune system starts to respond to the virus? a) Primary HIV infection b) Acute HIV infection c) Chronic HIV infection d) Latent HIV infection Correct Answer: b) Acute HIV infection

9. What is the term for the process by which the HIV virus attacks and destroys the immune system's CD4 cells? a) CD4 Infiltration b) CD4 Evasion c) CD4 Cell Murder d) CD4 Cell Destruction Correct Answer: d) CD4 Cell Destruction

10. Which age group accounts for the highest number of new HIV infections globally? a) 15-24 years b) 25-34 years c) 35-44 years d) 45-54 years Correct Answer: a) 15-24 years

11. In 2020, what percentage of people living with HIV globally were aware of their status? a) 62% b) 79% c) 87% d) 95% Correct Answer: b) 79%

12. Approximately how many people were living with HIV worldwide at the end of 2020? a) 10 million b) 25 million c) 38 million d) 50 million Correct Answer: c) 38 million

13. What is the term for the process of an HIV-infected person taking antiretroviral medications as prescribed, achieving an undetectable viral load, and being unable to transmit the virus to others through sex? a) PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) b) U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable) c) PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) d) HIV Suppression Correct Answer: b) U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable)

14. What is the term for the process by which HIV-infected individuals experience a progressive failure of the immune system, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections or cancers? a) HIV Seropositivity b) Acute HIV Syndrome c) Chronic HIV Disease d) HIV Disease Progression Correct Answer: d) HIV Disease Progression

15. In which region has the HIV epidemic stabilized in recent years? a) Sub-Saharan Africa b) North America c) Western Europe d) South Asia Correct Answer: c) Western Europe

16. Which body fluid is considered to have the highest concentration of HIV viral load? a) Saliva b) Blood c) Urine d) Tears Correct Answer: b) Blood

17. What is the term for the process of an HIV-infected person taking antiretroviral medications as prescribed, achieving a significant reduction in viral load, but not to undetectable levels? a) Viral Suppression b) Viral Diminution c) Viral Decline d) Viral Control Correct Answer: a) Viral Suppression

18. What is the term for the initial period after HIV infection when an infected person may experience flu-like symptoms? a) HIV Incubation Stage b) Acute HIV Infection c) HIV Latency Phase d) HIV Asymptomatic Period Correct Answer: b) Acute HIV Infection

19. Which type of antiretroviral medication works by blocking the activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase? a) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) b) Protease inhibitors c) Integrase inhibitors d) Entry inhibitors Correct Answer: a) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

20. In which part of the human body does the HIV virus primarily replicate and produce new viral particles? a) Liver b) Lungs c) Lymph nodes d) Stomach Correct Answer: c) Lymph nodes

21. How long does the acute HIV infection stage typically last? a) A few days to a week b) A few weeks to a month c) A few months d) Several years Correct Answer: b) A few weeks to a month

22. In which decade was the HIV virus first identified? a) 1950s b) 1960s c) 1970s d) 1980s Correct Answer: d) 1980s

23. What is the term for the first few weeks or months after HIV infection when an infected person may have no symptoms or mild symptoms? a) HIV Incubation Period b) HIV Asymptomatic Stage c) HIV Acute Stage d) HIV Latent Stage Correct Answer: b) HIV Asymptomatic Stage

24. What is the most common opportunistic infection associated with HIV/AIDS? a) Tuberculosis (TB) b) Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) c) Hepatitis C d) Candidiasis Correct Answer: a) Tuberculosis (TB)

25. Which of the following is NOT a common mode of HIV transmission? a) Sharing needles for drug use b) Unprotected sexual intercourse c) Sharing food or utensils d) Mother-to-child during breastfeeding Correct Answer: c) Sharing food or utensils