Rosalind Franklin was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite. She is best known for her role in the discovery of the DNA double helix, with her X-ray diffraction images of DNA leading to the determination of its structure by James Watson and Francis Crick. Despite her significant contributions, her work was not fully recognized during her lifetime.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Rosalind Franklin

Q1. What was Rosalind Franklin's primary field of research?

A) Botany
B) X-ray crystallography
C) Quantum physics
D) Astrophysics

Answer: B) X-ray crystallography

Q2. Which scientific discovery is Rosalind Franklin most famous for contributing to?

A) Structure of proteins
B) Theory of relativity
C) Double helix structure of DNA
D) Laws of motion

Answer: C) Double helix structure of DNA

Q3. What was the crucial image taken by Rosalind Franklin that contributed to the discovery of the DNA structure?

A) Photo 21
B) Photo 28
C) Photo 51
D) Photo 35

Answer: C) Photo 51

Q4. Which university did Rosalind Franklin attend for her undergraduate studies?

A) University of Oxford
B) University of Cambridge
C) Imperial College London
D) Harvard University

Answer: A) University of Oxford

Q5. Who were the scientists who utilized Franklin's X-ray diffraction images to propose the double helix model of DNA?

A) Linus Pauling and Erwin Chargaff
B) James Watson and Francis Crick
C) Maurice Wilkins and Erwin Chargaff
D) Max Perutz and Linus Pauling

Answer: B) James Watson and Francis Crick

Q6. In what year did Rosalind Franklin pass away?

A) 1958
B) 1963
C) 1970
D) 1980

Answer: A) 1958

Q7. Which of the following viruses did Rosalind Franklin conduct significant research on?

A) Influenza virus
B) Poliovirus
C) Tobacco mosaic virus
D) HIV

Answer: C) Tobacco mosaic virus

Q8. What is the name of the award established in her honor by the Royal Society?

A) Franklin Medal
B) Rosalind Franklin Prize
C) DNA Discovery Award
D) X-ray Crystallography Award

Answer: B) Rosalind Franklin Prize

Q9. Which of the following best describes the nature of Franklin's work on coal and graphite?

A) Developing synthetic diamonds
B) Understanding the porosity and density
C) Exploring the chemical reactions
D) Studying their molecular structures

Answer: D) Studying their molecular structures

Q10. Rosalind Franklin's work on DNA was conducted at which institution?

A) King's College London
B) University of Cambridge
C) Massachusetts Institute of Technology
D) University of California, Berkeley

Answer: A) King's College London