What are the Determinants Normal and Abnormal Behavior

One determinant of normal behavior is cultural norms. Cultural norms refer to the beliefs, values, and behaviors that are shared by a particular group of people (Berry, Poortinga, Segall, & Dasen, 2002). In some cultures, it may be normal for individuals to express their emotions openly, while in others, it may be considered inappropriate. For example, in some Western cultures, it is common to smile and make eye contact with strangers, while in some Asian cultures, this behavior may be considered impolite (Matsumoto, Yoo, & Fontaine, 2008). Thus, cultural norms play a significant role in shaping normal behavior.

Another determinant of normal behavior is socialization. Socialization refers to the process by which individuals learn the norms and values of their culture (Berk, 2013). Children learn these norms and values from their parents, peers, and other significant others in their lives. For example, children who grow up in a household where physical punishment is used to discipline may come to see this behavior as normal and acceptable, while children who grow up in a household where positive reinforcement is used may come to see this as normal and desirable (Gershoff, 2013).

On the other hand, abnormal behavior may be influenced by a variety of factors. One determinant of abnormal behavior is genetics. Research has shown that some mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have a genetic component (Sullivan et al., 2003). Individuals who have a family history of these disorders may be more likely to develop them themselves.

Another determinant of abnormal behavior is environmental factors. Environmental factors refer to the experiences and events that an individual encounters throughout their life. Trauma, such as physical or sexual abuse, can lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Breslau et al., 1998). Environmental factors can also contribute to the development of substance abuse disorders. For example, individuals who grow up in households where substance abuse is prevalent may be more likely to develop substance abuse disorders themselves (Grant & Dawson, 1998).

In conclusion, normal and abnormal behavior are influenced by a range of factors, including cultural norms, socialization, genetics, and environmental factors. Understanding these determinants can help psychologists and other professionals better understand human behavior and develop effective interventions for individuals who are experiencing abnormal behavior.

Normal behavior refers to behavior that is considered typical or expected in a particular culture or context. This can include behaviors such as being polite, following laws and social norms, expressing emotions appropriately, and engaging in healthy relationships.

Abnormal behavior, on the other hand, refers to behavior that deviates from what is considered normal or expected. This can include behaviors that are harmful to oneself or others, such as substance abuse, aggression, or self-harm. It can also include behaviors that interfere with daily functioning, such as severe anxiety or depression, phobias, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors.

It's important to note that what is considered normal or abnormal behavior can vary depending on cultural, societal, and personal factors. For example, what may be considered normal behavior in one culture may be considered abnormal in another. Additionally, some behaviors that were once considered abnormal may become more accepted over time, such as attitudes toward LGBTQ+ individuals or mental health issues.

Overall, normal and abnormal behavior are complex concepts that can be influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural norms, personal experiences, and mental health conditions. Understanding these concepts can help individuals and professionals better understand and address issues related to behavior and mental health. 

Determinants of Normal Behavior:

1. Cultural norms
2. Socialization
3. Genetics
4. Environmental factors

Determinants of Abnormal Behavior:

1. Genetics
2. Environmental factors
3. Trauma or abuse
4. Substance abuse
5. Mental illness

Examples of Normal Behavior:

1. Following laws and social norms
2. Maintaining healthy relationships
3. expressing emotions appropriately
4. Practicing good hygiene
5. Contributing to society through work or volunteering

Examples of Abnormal Behavior

1. Substance abuse and addiction
2. Self-harm or suicide attempts
3. Aggressive or violent behavior
4. Delusions or hallucinations
5. Excessive anxiety or depression

It's important to note that abnormal behavior is not always indicative of a mental health disorder and that not all mental health disorders manifest in abnormal behavior. Additionally, cultural and societal factors can impact what is considered normal or abnormal behavior, and it's important to consider these factors when assessing behavior.

There have been several theoretical contributions to the concept of abnormal and normal behavior, each with its own approach and perspective.

1. Biological Perspective: The biological perspective suggests that abnormal behavior can be attributed to genetic, neurological, or biochemical factors. For example, mental illnesses such as depression or schizophrenia may be caused by an imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. This perspective emphasizes the importance of treating abnormal behavior through medication and other biological interventions.

2. Psychodynamic Perspective: The psychodynamic perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on the role of unconscious conflicts in shaping behavior. This perspective suggests that abnormal behavior may result from unresolved conflicts and repressed emotions. Treatment involves bringing these conflicts to the surface through psychotherapy to help individuals gain insight and resolution.

3. Behavioral Perspective: The behavioral perspective emphasizes the role of environmental factors in shaping behavior. This perspective suggests that abnormal behavior is learned through conditioning and reinforcement. Treatment involves behavior modification through techniques such as operant conditioning and exposure therapy.

4. Cognitive Perspective: The cognitive perspective suggests that abnormal behavior is a result of distorted thinking patterns and beliefs. For example, individuals with depression may have negative and irrational beliefs about themselves, the world, and the future. Treatment involves identifying and challenging these negative thought patterns through cognitive-behavioral therapy.

5. Humanistic Perspective: The humanistic perspective emphasizes the importance of self-awareness, self-acceptance, and personal growth in shaping behavior. This perspective suggests that abnormal behavior may result from a lack of self-actualization or a disconnect between one's the true self and external expectations. Treatment involves promoting self-awareness and personal growth through techniques such as client-centered therapy.

Each of these perspectives offers a unique contribution to understanding the concept of abnormal and normal behavior. By considering different perspectives, mental health professionals can better understand the underlying factors contributing to abnormal behavior and develop effective treatment plans tailored to individual needs.