1. What is the primary purpose of structural mitigation measures in disaster management? A. To reduce the impact of a disaster on the environment B. To modify the natural processes that cause disasters C. To strengthen or alter physical structures to withstand disasters D. To provide immediate relief to disaster-affected communities Answer: C

2. Which of the following is an example of a structural mitigation measure for earthquake preparedness? A. Developing community emergency plans B. Constructing earthquake-resistant buildings C. Conducting public awareness campaigns D. Establishing early warning systems Answer: B

3. What is the primary goal of non-structural mitigation measures in disaster management? A. To modify the natural processes that cause disasters B. To strengthen physical structures to withstand disasters C. To reduce disaster-related casualties and economic losses D. To provide immediate relief to disaster-affected communities Answer: C

4. Which of the following is an example of a non-structural mitigation measure for flood preparedness? A. Elevating homes and buildings above the floodplain B. Installing flood-resistant doors and windows C. Developing flood forecasting and warning systems D. Conducting search and rescue operations during floods Answer: C

5. What is the primary focus of structural mitigation measures for hurricanes or cyclones? A. Modifying wind patterns to reduce cyclone intensity B. Designing buildings and infrastructure to withstand high winds and storm surges C. Creating community emergency plans D. Providing immediate relief during cyclones Answer: B

6. Which of the following is an example of a structural mitigation measure for wildfire preparedness? A. Installing fire-resistant roofing materials B. Developing community evacuation plans C. Conducting controlled burns to reduce fuel load D. Providing medical assistance to wildfire victims Answer: A

7. What is the primary aim of non-structural mitigation measures for tsunamis? A. Strengthening buildings and infrastructure to resist tsunamis B. Developing early warning systems and evacuation plans C. Modifying ocean currents to reduce tsunami risk D. Providing immediate medical assistance during tsunamis Answer: B

8. In disaster management, what is the primary purpose of hazard mapping and risk assessment? A. Strengthening buildings and infrastructure B. Providing immediate relief during disasters C. Identifying areas prone to specific hazards and their potential impact D. Developing early warning systems Answer: C

9. Which of the following is an example of a structural mitigation measure for landslide preparedness? A. Conducting geological surveys to identify landslide-prone areas B. Constructing retaining walls and stabilizing slopes C. Developing community emergency plans D. Providing food and shelter to landslide survivors Answer: B

10. What is the primary goal of non-structural mitigation measures for volcanic eruptions? A. Modifying volcanic activity to reduce eruptions B. Designing buildings to withstand lava flow C. Evacuating communities at risk and providing education on volcanic hazards D. Providing immediate medical assistance during eruptions Answer: C

11. Which of the following is an example of a non-structural mitigation measure for drought preparedness? A. Implementing water conservation practices B. Constructing drought-resistant buildings C. Developing drought forecasting systems D. Providing food relief during droughts Answer: A

12. What is the primary objective of structural mitigation measures for dam safety? A. Modifying river flow patterns to reduce dam risks B. Designing dams to withstand earthquakes C. Enhancing the structural integrity and stability of dams D. Providing immediate relief during dam failures Answer: C

13. Which of the following is an example of a non-structural mitigation measure for pollution preparedness? A. Implementing pollution control regulations B. Constructing pollution-resistant buildings C. Developing early warning systems for pollution incidents D. Providing medical assistance to pollution-affected individuals Answer: A

14. What is the primary aim of structural mitigation measures for nuclear reactor safety? A. Modifying nuclear reactor operations to reduce risks B. Designing reactors to withstand earthquakes and other hazards C. Developing evacuation plans for nuclear accidents D. Providing immediate medical assistance during nuclear accidents Answer: B

15. Which of the following is an example of a non-structural mitigation measure for technological hazards like industrial accidents? A. Implementing safety regulations and protocols in industries B. Constructing industrial facilities resistant to accidents C. Developing early warning systems for industrial accidents D. Providing medical assistance during industrial accidents Answer: A

16. What is the primary focus of structural mitigation measures for storm surge preparedness? A. Modifying ocean currents to reduce storm surge intensity B. Designing buildings and coastal infrastructure to withstand storm surges C. Developing community emergency plans for storm surges D. Providing immediate relief during storm surges Answer: B

17. Which of the following is an example of a non-structural mitigation measure for extreme heat preparedness? A. Implementing heatwave early warning systems B. Constructing heat-resistant buildings C. Developing community cooling centers D. Providing immediate medical assistance during heatwaves Answer: A

18. What is the primary objective of structural mitigation measures for avalanche safety? A. Modifying snow patterns to reduce avalanche risks B. Designing buildings to withstand avalanches C. Developing early warning systems for avalanches D. Providing immediate relief during avalanches Answer: B

19. Which of the following is an example of a non-structural mitigation measure for acid rain preparedness? A. Implementing pollution control measures to reduce acid rain B. Constructing acid-resistant buildings C. Developing early warning systems for acid rain D. Providing immediate medical assistance during acid rain Answer: A

20. What is the primary goal of structural mitigation measures for coastal erosion preparedness? A. Modifying sea levels to reduce coastal erosion B. Designing coastal infrastructure to withstand erosion C. Developing community emergency plans for coastal erosion D. Providing immediate relief during coastal erosion Answer: B

21. In disaster management, what is the primary purpose of developing land-use planning regulations? A. Providing immediate relief during disasters B. Strengthening buildings and infrastructure C. Regulating the use of land to minimize disaster risk D. Developing early warning systems Answer: C

22. Which of the following is an example of a non-structural mitigation measure for hailstorm preparedness? A. Implementing weather forecasting and monitoring systems B. Constructing hail-resistant buildings C. Developing early warning systems for hailstorms D. Providing immediate medical assistance during hailstorms Answer: A

23. What is the primary aim of structural mitigation measures for urban planning and zoning? A. Modifying land use to reduce disaster risks B. Designing buildings to resist various hazards C. Developing community emergency plans D. Providing immediate relief during disasters Answer: B

24. Which of the following is an example of a non-structural mitigation measure for soil erosion preparedness? A. Implementing erosion control measures and afforestation B. Constructing erosion-resistant buildings C. Developing early warning systems for soil erosion D. Providing immediate relief during soil erosion Answer: A

25. What is the primary objective of structural mitigation measures for coastal flooding preparedness? A. Modifying sea levels to reduce coastal flooding B. Designing coastal infrastructure to withstand flooding C. Developing community emergency plans for coastal flooding D. Providing immediate relief during coastal flooding Answer: B