15 Essential MCQs on the Overview of India's Legal and Judicial System
Test your knowledge of India's legal and judicial system with these 15 essential multiple-choice questions (MCQs). Detailed answers and explanations provided for exam preparation.
15 MCQs on India's Legal and Judicial System
Explore 15 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the overview of India's legal system and judicial system, complete with answers and explanations to enhance your understanding.- What is the highest court in India?
- A) High Court
- B) District Court
- C) Supreme Court
- D) Session Court
Answer: C) Supreme Court
The Supreme Court is the apex judicial authority in India, established under Article 124 of the Constitution. It has the power to interpret the Constitution and adjudicate disputes involving fundamental rights.
- Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a High Court?
- A) Article 214
- B) Article 226
- C) Article 32
- D) Article 136
Answer: A) Article 214
Article 214 states that there shall be a High Court for each state, which serves as an appellate court for decisions made by lower courts.
- What is the primary function of the judiciary in India?
- A) To enforce laws
- B) To make laws
- C) To interpret laws
- D) To amend laws
Answer: C) To interpret laws
The judiciary's main role is to interpret laws and ensure justice is delivered according to the Constitution and legal statutes.
- Which of the following is NOT a type of court in India?
- A) Family Court
- B) Civil Court
- C) Administrative Court
- D) Criminal Court
Answer: C) Administrative Court
While Family, Civil, and Criminal Courts are established under Indian law, there is no specific category known as Administrative Courts.
- Who appoints the Chief Justice of India?
- A) The President of India
- B) The Prime Minister of India
- C) The Parliament of India
- D) The Chief Justice himself
Answer: A) The President of India
The President appoints the Chief Justice based on seniority among judges of the Supreme Court.
- What is meant by 'Judicial Review' in India?
- A) The review of laws by Parliament
- B) The power of courts to invalidate legislative acts
- C) The review of executive orders by Parliament
- D) None of the above
Answer: B) The power of courts to invalidate legislative acts
Judicial Review allows the judiciary to assess whether a law or executive order is constitutional and can strike it down if it violates constitutional principles.
- Which body has the authority to impeach the President of India?
- A) Lok Sabha only
- B) Rajya Sabha only
- C) Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
- D) Supreme Court
Answer: C) Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
Impeachment requires a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament, as outlined in Article 61 of the Constitution.
- What does 'Public Interest Litigation' (PIL) allow?
- A) Only lawyers can file lawsuits.
- B) Any citizen can file a case for public interest.
- C) Only government officials can file cases.
- D) None of the above
Answer: B) Any citizen can file a case for public interest.
PILs enable individuals or groups to seek judicial intervention in matters affecting the public at large, promoting access to justice.
- Which fundamental right guarantees equality before law?
- A) Right to Freedom
- B) Right against Exploitation
- C) Right to Equality
- D) Right to Constitutional Remedies
Answer: C) Right to Equality
Enshrined in Article 14, this right ensures that every individual is treated equally before the law without discrimination.
- What is the role of the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC)?
- A) To appoint judges to lower courts only.
- B) To recommend appointments and transfers of judges.
- C) To oversee judicial conduct.
- D) To legislate new laws.
Answer: B) To recommend appointments and transfers of judges.
NJAC was established to enhance transparency and accountability in judicial appointments but was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015.
- Which article provides for free legal aid to ensure justice for all?
- A) Article 21
- B) Article 39A
- C) Article 14
- D) Article 32
Answer: B) Article 39A
This article mandates that the State shall secure that all citizens have access to justice and free legal aid.
- What does 'Contempt of Court' refer to?
- A) Disrespecting any government official.
- B) Disobeying a court order or showing disrespect towards a court.
- C) Filing a false case.
- D) None of the above
Answer: B) Disobeying a court order or showing disrespect towards a court.
Contempt can be civil or criminal and aims to uphold the authority and dignity of the judiciary.
- Which act governs consumer protection in India?
- A) Indian Contract Act, 1872
- B) Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- C) Sale of Goods Act, 1930
- D) Competition Act, 2002
Answer: B) Consumer Protection Act, 2019
This act provides consumers with rights and establishes mechanisms for redressal against consumer grievances.
- How many judges are there currently in the Supreme Court of India?
- A) 25
- B) 30
- C) 34
- D) 40
Answer: C) 34
As per current provisions, there can be up to 34 judges including the Chief Justice in India's Supreme Court.
- What is 'Alternative Dispute Resolution' (ADR)?
- A) Formal court proceedings
- B) Methods outside traditional litigation
- C) Only arbitration
- D) Mediation only
Answer: B) Methods outside traditional litigation
ADR encompasses various processes like mediation and arbitration aimed at resolving disputes without going through formal court procedures.
- A) High Court
- B) District Court
- C) Supreme Court
- D) Session Court
Answer: C) Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court is the apex judicial authority in India, established under Article 124 of the Constitution. It has the power to interpret the Constitution and adjudicate disputes involving fundamental rights.
- A) Article 214
- B) Article 226
- C) Article 32
- D) Article 136
Answer: A) Article 214Article 214 states that there shall be a High Court for each state, which serves as an appellate court for decisions made by lower courts.
- A) To enforce laws
- B) To make laws
- C) To interpret laws
- D) To amend laws
Answer: C) To interpret lawsThe judiciary's main role is to interpret laws and ensure justice is delivered according to the Constitution and legal statutes.
- A) Family Court
- B) Civil Court
- C) Administrative Court
- D) Criminal Court
Answer: C) Administrative CourtWhile Family, Civil, and Criminal Courts are established under Indian law, there is no specific category known as Administrative Courts.
- A) The President of India
- B) The Prime Minister of India
- C) The Parliament of India
- D) The Chief Justice himself
Answer: A) The President of IndiaThe President appoints the Chief Justice based on seniority among judges of the Supreme Court.
- A) The review of laws by Parliament
- B) The power of courts to invalidate legislative acts
- C) The review of executive orders by Parliament
- D) None of the above
Answer: B) The power of courts to invalidate legislative actsJudicial Review allows the judiciary to assess whether a law or executive order is constitutional and can strike it down if it violates constitutional principles.
- A) Lok Sabha only
- B) Rajya Sabha only
- C) Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
- D) Supreme Court
Answer: C) Both Lok Sabha and Rajya SabhaImpeachment requires a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament, as outlined in Article 61 of the Constitution.
- A) Only lawyers can file lawsuits.
- B) Any citizen can file a case for public interest.
- C) Only government officials can file cases.
- D) None of the above
Answer: B) Any citizen can file a case for public interest.PILs enable individuals or groups to seek judicial intervention in matters affecting the public at large, promoting access to justice.
- A) Right to Freedom
- B) Right against Exploitation
- C) Right to Equality
- D) Right to Constitutional Remedies
Answer: C) Right to EqualityEnshrined in Article 14, this right ensures that every individual is treated equally before the law without discrimination.
- A) To appoint judges to lower courts only.
- B) To recommend appointments and transfers of judges.
- C) To oversee judicial conduct.
- D) To legislate new laws.
Answer: B) To recommend appointments and transfers of judges.NJAC was established to enhance transparency and accountability in judicial appointments but was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015.
- A) Article 21
- B) Article 39A
- C) Article 14
- D) Article 32
Answer: B) Article 39AThis article mandates that the State shall secure that all citizens have access to justice and free legal aid.
- A) Disrespecting any government official.
- B) Disobeying a court order or showing disrespect towards a court.
- C) Filing a false case.
- D) None of the above
Answer: B) Disobeying a court order or showing disrespect towards a court.Contempt can be civil or criminal and aims to uphold the authority and dignity of the judiciary.
- A) Indian Contract Act, 1872
- B) Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- C) Sale of Goods Act, 1930
- D) Competition Act, 2002
Answer: B) Consumer Protection Act, 2019This act provides consumers with rights and establishes mechanisms for redressal against consumer grievances.
- A) 25
- B) 30
- C) 34
- D) 40
Answer: C) 34As per current provisions, there can be up to 34 judges including the Chief Justice in India's Supreme Court.
- A) Formal court proceedings
- B) Methods outside traditional litigation
- C) Only arbitration
- D) Mediation only
Answer: B) Methods outside traditional litigationADR encompasses various processes like mediation and arbitration aimed at resolving disputes without going through formal court procedures.
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