1-Which theorist is known for his stages of psychosexual development?

a) Jean Piaget b) Erik Erikson c) B.F. Skinner d) Sigmund Freud Answer: d) Sigmund Freud

2-According to Piaget's theory, which stage occurs during infancy and focuses on sensory

experiences? a) Preoperational b) Concrete operational c) Sensorimotor d) Formal operational Answer: c) Sensorimotor

3-Who proposed the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

a) B.F. Skinner b) Abraham Maslow c) Lev Vygotsky d) Jean Piaget Answer: c) Lev Vygotsky

4-In behaviorism, learning is primarily influenced by:

a) Genetics b) Cognitive development c) Rewards and punishments d) Social interactions Answer: c) Rewards and punishments

5-Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs suggests that self-actualization is:

a) The lowest level need b) The highest level need c) An innate need d) A physical need Answer: b) The highest level need

6-Which theory emphasizes the role of empathy and unconditional positive regard in personal growth?

a) Psychoanalytic theory b) Social learning theory c) Humanistic theory d) Behaviorism Answer: c) Humanistic theory

7-According to Erik Erikson, the primary focus of the "identity vs. role confusion" stage is:

a) Developing trust in others b) Establishing intimacy in relationships c) Forming a sense of self and identity d) Achieving industry and competence

Answer: c) Forming a sense of self and identity

8-Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory includes which of the following systems?

a) Microsystem, macrosystem, and mesosystem b) Microsystem, exosystem, and mesosystem c) Microsystem, macrosystem, and exosystem d) Microsystem, exosystem, and chronosystem Answer: b) Microsystem, exosystem, and mesosystem

9-Which theory explores the emotional bonds formed between children and their caregivers?

a) Evolutionary psychology b) Attachment theory c) Cultural-historical theory d) Sociocultural theory Answer: b) Attachment theory

10-Which of the following is a key concept in Bandura's social learning theory?

a) Zone of proximal development b) Classical conditioning c) Observational learning d) Psychosexual development Answer: c) Observational learning

11-The concept of object permanence is associated with which stage of cognitive development in Piaget's theory?

a) Sensorimotor b) Preoperational c) Concrete operational d) Formal operational Answer: a) Sensorimotor

12In Erikson's theory, what is the primary task of the "intimacy vs. isolation" stage?

a) Establishing a career b) Developing a sense of identity c) Forming close and meaningful relationships d) Achieving autonomy Answer: c) Forming close and meaningful relationships

13-What does the term "self-efficacy" refer to in Albert Bandura's theory?

a) The belief in one's ability to achieve goals

b) The unconscious desires and motives c) The process of conditioning behavior d) The influence of culture on development Answer: a) The belief in one's ability to achieve goals

14-According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, what is the main focus during the phallic stage?

a) Developing language skills b) Gaining independence c) Resolving conflicts related to sexual desires d) Achieving industry and competence Answer: c) Resolving conflicts related to sexual desires

15-Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory emphasizes the importance of which system for understanding human development?

a) Macrosystem b) Chronosystem c) Microsystem d) Exosystem Answer: c) Microsystem