25 MCQ on Inferential Statistics
25 MCQ on Inferential Statistics
Question 1: Inferential statistics is primarily concerned with: a) Describing and summarizing data b) Drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample c) Presenting data in a graphical format d) Organizing data for easier interpretation
Answer: b) Drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample
Question 2: Which of the following is a requirement for using inferential statistics? a) A small sample size b) A well-defined and representative sample c) Detailed descriptive statistics d) Data collected from a single source
Answer: b) A well-defined and representative sample
Question 3: A confidence interval is used to: a) Estimate a range within which the population parameter is likely to fall b) Calculate the mean of a dataset c) Determine the standard deviation of a dataset d) Summarize the variability in a dataset
Answer: a) Estimate a range within which the population parameter is likely to fall
Question 4: In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is typically: a) The statement being tested for significance b) The opposite of the research hypothesis c) Always accepted as true d) Always rejected
Answer: b) The opposite of the research hypothesis
Question 5: A Type I error in hypothesis testing occurs when: a) The null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true b) The null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually true c) The research hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false d) The research hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true
Answer: a) The null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true
Question 6: Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing the means of two independent groups? a) t-test b) ANOVA c) Chi-squared test d) Correlation analysis
Answer: a) t-test
Question 7: The p-value in hypothesis testing represents: a) The probability of obtaining the observed result if the null hypothesis is true b) The strength of the relationship between variables c) The mean difference between two groups d) The level of significance chosen by the researcher
Answer: a) The probability of obtaining the observed result if the null hypothesis is true
Question 8: Which of the following is a parametric statistical test? a) t-test b) Mann-Whitney U test c) Wilcoxon signed-rank test d) Chi-squared test
Answer: a) t-test
Question 9: A confidence level of 95% means: a) There is a 95% chance the population parameter is within the calculated interval b) The sample is representative of the population c) The null hypothesis is true d) The research hypothesis is supported
Answer: a) There is a 95% chance the population parameter is within the calculated interval
Question 10: Which of the following is a non-parametric statistical test? a) Mann-Whitney U test b) t-test c) ANOVA d) Chi-squared test
Answer: a) Mann-Whitney U test
Question 11: When conducting a hypothesis test, the level of significance (alpha) is typically set at: a) 0.05 b) 0.01 c) 0.10 d) 0.50
Answer: a) 0.05
Question 12: A Type II error in hypothesis testing occurs when: a) The null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false b) The null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true c) The research hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false d) The research hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true
Answer: b) The null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true
Question 13: Which statistical test is used to determine the relationship between two categorical variables? a) Chi-squared test b) t-test c) ANOVA d) Pearson correlation
Answer: a) Chi-squared test
Question 14: Which type of hypothesis is typically the focus of inferential statistics? a) Alternative hypothesis b) Null hypothesis c) Research hypothesis d) Descriptive hypothesis
Answer: a) Alternative hypothesis
Question 15: In a research study, if the p-value is less than the chosen level of significance (alpha), what is the appropriate action? a) Reject the null hypothesis b) Fail to reject the null hypothesis c) Accept the null hypothesis d) Confirm the research hypothesis
Answer: a) Reject the null hypothesis
Question 16: In a one-sample t-test, the null hypothesis typically assumes that: a) The population mean is equal to a specified value b) The population variance is equal to a specified value c) The sample mean is equal to zero d) The sample variance is equal to one
Answer: a) The population mean is equal to a specified value
Question 17: In a chi-squared test for independence, we examine the relationship between: a) Two categorical variables b) Two continuous variables c) A categorical variable and a continuous variable d) Two dependent variables
Answer: a) Two categorical variables
Question 18: What does the power of a statistical test represent? a) The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis b) The probability of accepting a true null hypothesis c) The probability of obtaining a significant result d) The probability of committing a Type II error
Answer: a) The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis
Question 19: A researcher wants to compare the mean test scores of students who received tutoring and those who did not. Which statistical test should be used? a) Independent samples t-test b) Paired samples t-test c) Chi-squared test d) ANOVA
Answer: a) Independent samples t-test
Question 20: In a two-sample t-test, the alternative hypothesis typically assumes that: a) The population means of the two groups are not equal b) The population variances of the two groups are equal c) The sample means of the two groups are equal d) The sample variances of the two groups are equal
Answer: a) The population means of the two groups are not equal
Question 21: Which statistical test is appropriate for analyzing the relationship between two continuous variables? a) Pearson correlation b) Chi-squared test c) ANOVA d) Mann-Whitney U test
Answer: a) Pearson correlation
Question 22: A Type III error in hypothesis testing occurs when: a) There is confusion between the null hypothesis and the research hypothesis b) Both the null and research hypotheses are accepted c) There is a failure to reject a false null hypothesis due to inadequate power d) The null hypothesis is falsely rejected
Answer: c) There is a failure to reject a false null hypothesis due to inadequate power
Question 23: What does the degrees of freedom represent in a statistical test? a) The number of values in the dataset b) The number of categories in a categorical variable c) The number of individuals in the sample d) The amount of information available to estimate a parameter
Answer: d) The amount of information available to estimate a parameter
Question 24: In a one-sample t-test, the degrees of freedom are calculated as: a) n - 1, where n is the sample size b) n, where n is the sample size c) n + 1, where n is the sample size d) n/2, where n is the sample size
Answer: a) n - 1, where n is the sample size
Question 25: Which statistical test should be used to compare the means of more than two groups? a) ANOVA b) t-test c) Mann-Whitney U test d) Wilcoxon signed-rank test
Answer: a) ANOVA
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