Explanation: International Literacy Day is observed annually on September 8th to raise awareness about the importance of literacy for individuals and communities.

Explanation: The day was established by UNESCO on November 17, 1965, and was first celebrated in 1966. This marked a global commitment to promoting literacy.

Explanation: Literacy is a powerful tool for empowerment, helping to break down barriers and promote social inclusion, not isolation. It connects people and communities.

Explanation: According to UNESCO, over 750 million adults still lack basic literacy skills, a staggering number that highlights the urgent need for continued literacy efforts.

Explanation: SDG 4 is dedicated to ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all, with literacy as a foundational component.

Explanation: A significant challenge in many regions is the shortage of qualified educators and the lack of essential learning materials, which hinders literacy programs.

Explanation: The theme "Literacy for a human-centered recovery" was a past theme, highlighting the role of literacy in building resilience and recovery from crises.

Explanation: Modern definitions of literacy are broad, encompassing digital literacy (the ability to use technology) and media literacy (the ability to critically evaluate information from various sources).

Explanation: NGOs play a crucial role on the ground, designing and implementing literacy programs, and providing vital resources like books and educational materials to communities.

Explanation: Literacy is recognized as a fundamental human right. It is essential for human dignity and empowerment, enabling individuals to participate fully in society.