Global Issues: AIDS
Introduction
The first clinical instance of the illness that would later be known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, was described by American researchers in June 1981. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), its cause, was discovered in 1983.
Around 79.3 million people have acquired HIV since the epidemic's inception, and 36.3 million have passed away from AIDS-related illnesses. There will be 37.7 million HIV-positive people worldwide in 2020.
Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk of an HIV-positive person can all contain HIV. Sexual contact that is not protected can spread it. Additionally, it spreads through unscreened blood products, non-sterile needles and syringes used for drug injection, and drug users. If the mother has HIV, it can be passed from mother to kid during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
In the subsequent decades, both the death rate and the rate at which persons became HIV-positive sharply increased. But later, new antiretroviral medications started to lengthen the lives of HIV-positive people. 28.2 million HIV-positive individuals had access to antiretroviral medication as of June 2021. In addition, despite a drop in the number of people testing positive for HIV, an unacceptable number of people still contract HIV and die from AIDS-related causes each year. Around 1.5 million people tested positive for HIV in 2020, and 680,000 people passed away from AIDS-related illnesses.
Since 2010, the rate of new HIV infections has decreased by 31% (by 53% among children), while the number of AIDS-related deaths has decreased by 64% since its high in 2004.
UNAIDS
The family of the United Nations has led the way in this development. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, or UNAIDS, has been in charge of coordinating its activities since 1996. UNAIDS is a cutting-edge joint venture of the United Nations family that unites the resources and efforts of 11 United Nations system institutions to fight AIDS globally. These organizations include the World Bank, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, and WHO.
The General Assembly’s Millennium Summit world leaders set specific goals to stop and reverse the spread of HIV
Objectives to end AIDS
Millennium Development Goals
At the Millennium Summit of the General Assembly in 2000, international leaders outlined explicit objectives to halt and reverse the spread of HIV. The Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, signed by heads of state and government representatives, outlined a number of national goals and international initiatives for reversing the pandemic. In 2002, the Global Fund was established to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. The General Assembly also conducted a high-level assessment of developments since its special session in 2006, adopting a Political Declaration with 53 points outlining the path to achieving universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support services.
In June 2011, the General Assembly High-Level Meeting on AIDS was held in New York. The AIDS response effort's next moves were determined by the pledges they made.
The Millennium Development Goal 6 aim of slowing and reversing the AIDS epidemic was achieved in 2015 by the world. For the first time ever, a global health goal has been both fulfilled and exceeded thanks to this outstanding accomplishment. Nearly 16 million people had access to antiretroviral medication by the middle of 2015, which is more than double the number from just five years earlier.
The spread of HIV has been stopped and reversed worldwide. The epidemic has been made to stop spreading. The current response is aiming to eradicate the AIDS pandemic by 2030.
Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which were unanimously endorsed by United Nations Member States in 2015, include ending AIDS by 2030 as one of their core objectives. Many of the SDGs, including SDG 3, excellent health and well-being, and the objectives on gender equality and women's empowerment, decreased disparities, global partnerships, and just, peaceful, and inclusive communities, will benefit greatly from the lessons learnt in reacting to HIV.
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